New Methodologies for the Surface Application of Limestone and Gypsum in Different Crop Systems

To address the problems of soil acidity (pH values below 4.4) in surface and subsurface layers improve chemical fertility, this study evaluated three methodologies for application limestone (LS) (ensuring that calcium (Ca)2+ occupied 70%, 60% or 50% cation exchange capacity (CEC) at a depth 0.0–0.2 m) gypsum (GP, phosphogypsum) Ca2+ 60%, 40% effective (ECEC) 0.2–0.4 m). LS GP were applied conventional pasture system (CPS), no-till (NTS), agropastoral (APS) an Arenic Hapludult Brazil. Surface using these corrected improved fertility. Specifically, content increased CPS, NTS, APS m CPS m; sulfur (S)-SO42− Ca2+/ECEC base saturation (BS) aluminum (Al)3+ decreased NTS depths pH, magnesium (Mg)2+ content, CEC, Ca2+/CEC, Mg2+/CEC total m.